口诀二 去掉独立成分,答案自然现身
这一口诀主要是用来解"填空"题的.我们所遇到的情况更多是题干的句子较长而且关系复杂,如按传统的方法先搞清楚句子内部关系,分辨出句子的基本意思,再找出相应缺少的成分——不但耗时很多,而且把握不大.这里,我们介绍的方法则简便了许多:将具有"独立"意义的句子 成分去掉——如果这时主句不缺少成分的化,也不予以考虑——只考虑剩下,不"独立"的成分.这样,关系简单了,正确答案也就容易找到了.而且绝大部分情况下,在"语法"层次—— 即不弄懂句义的情况下——即可选出正确答案.
那么,都有哪些成分时"独立成分"呢?主要有以下几种:
1.副词和不是用作前置定语的分词;
2.不定式,介词,分词,同位语等短语;
3.所有的从句.
这种方式究竟有多大的作用呢?下面我们来看几个例句:
(7) Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites —— by early humans.
A. occupied B. occupying
C. which D. were occupied
如果按照上面提到的标准去衡量,这个句子的题干就应该时这样的:
(Geophysicists have collaborated主句)(with archaeologists and anthropologists介词短语)(to study the magnetic properties不定式短语)(of pottery and fireplaces介词短语)(at sites介词短语)——(by early humans.介词短语) 将这些"独立成分"都去掉后就只剩下"Geophysicists have collaborated".由于题干的主句及其它部分都不缺少成分,作为答案的选项也必须是一个"独立成分".在不考虑词义的情况下,A,B,C3个选项似乎都可以.但是,如果B项可以的话,C也一定可以.反面证明两个选项都不 行,答案自然是A了.
(8) During the late fifteenth century, —— of the native societies fo America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts.
A. only a few B. a few but
C. few, but only D. a few only
还是按照前面提到的标准去衡量,这个句子的题干部分就会变成下面这样:
(During the late fifteenth century介词短语),——(of the native societies of America介词短语)had professions (in the fields介词短语)(of arts and crafts 介词短语).把独立成分去掉后就只剩下 "—— had professions".一眼即可看出,句子缺少主语.答案自然就是A了.