King Maosolos

　　摩索拉斯国王的陵墓

　　"I have lying, over me in Halicarnassus, a gigantic monument such as no other dead person has,adorned in the finest way with statues of horses and men carved most realistically from the best quality marble.King Maussollos in Lucian[2] 's "Dialogues of the Dead"

　　我正在躺着，在我之上是 哈利卡那索斯，这里有其他陵墓没有的巨大纪念碑，由精心雕刻的马匹和人物装饰，用最好的石头雕刻的栩栩如生。---出自卢西安的《冥间的对话》。

　　Location

　　所在地

　　In the city of Bodrum (Halicarnassus) on the Aegean Sea, in south-west Turkey.

　　首都哈利卡纳苏(位于今天的土耳其西南布德伦港)。

　　History

　　历史

　　When the Persians expanded their ancient kingdom to include Mesopotamia, Northern India, Syria, Egypt, and Asia Minor,the king could not control his vast empire without the help of local governors or rulers-- the Satraps.

　　当波斯人把它们的王国寇冲到了美索不达米亚，北印度，叙利亚，埃及和小亚细亚半岛，没有当地长官或者统治者，即总督的管理，国王很难控制巨大的帝国。

　　Like many other provinces, the kingdom of Caria in the western part of Asia Minor (Turkey) was so far from the Persian capital that it was practically autonomous.From 377 to 353 BC, king Mausollos of Caria reigned and moved his capital to Halicarnassus.

　　与其他省一样，小亚细亚半岛西部的卡里亚王国，由于离波斯首都太远，实际等于在自治。在公元前377-353年之间，卡利亚王国的摩索拉斯退居管理地位，把它的都城迁到了哈利卡那索斯。

　　Nothing is exciting about Maussollos life except theconstruction of his tomb.The project wasconceived by his wife Artemisia, and theconstruction might have started during the king'slifetime.

　　除了这座陵墓，摩索拉斯国王本身并没有什么闻名于世。这个工程由他妻子完工，有可能在国王活着的时候就开始建造了。

　　The Mausoleum was completed around 350 BC, three years after Maussollos's death, and one year after Artemisia's.

　　王陵大概在国王死后公元前350年建成，一年后王后也去世了。

　　For 16 centuries, the Mausoleum remained in good condition until an earthquake caused some damage to the roof and colonnade.In the early fifteenth century, the Knights of St John of Malta invaded the region and built a massive crusader castle.

　　16个世纪以来，王陵保存完好，直到一次地震毁坏了顶部和廊柱。

　　When they decided to fortify it in 1494, they used the stones of the Mausoleum.By 1522, almost every block of the Mausoleum had been disassembled and used for construction.

　　1494年人们打算修复这些毁坏的部分，就使用了王陵内部的石头。到1522年，几乎王陵所有的砖石都被卸下以作修缮之用。

　　Today, the massive castle still stands in Bodrum, and the polished stone and marble blocks of the Mausoleum can be spotted within the walls of the structure.Some of the sculptures survived and are today on display at the British Museum in London.

　　今日，巨大的城堡仍耸立在博德鲁姆，仍能从建筑结构里看到来自王陵的闪亮的石块镶嵌其中。有些雕塑幸免于难，今日仍在伦敦大英博物馆展出。

　　These include fragment of statues and many slabs of the frieze showing the battle between the Greeks and the Amazons. At the site of the Mausoleum itself, only the foundation remains of the once magnificent Wonder.

　　这些雕塑有雕像残片，记录希腊人和亚马逊人之间战争的雕刻石板。纵观摩索拉斯国王陵墓，只有陵基还保持着昔日的辉煌。